Until 2010, cabinet ministries were dubbed 'Departments' ( Departemen) following the United States model. Following the fall of Suharto and the beginning of the Reformasi era, the presidential cabinet system has been retained. Offices that were not sanctioned by the 1945 Constitution were abolished.
During the final years of Sukarno's presidency, cabinets were larger, peaking at 111 ministers.ĭuring the New Order under President Suharto, cabinets were smaller, and from 1968 until 1998 lasted for the five-year presidential term. Moreover, the offices of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia and Speaker of the People's Representative Council which were supposed to be equal to the president, and the office of Chairman of the People's Consultative Assembly, which was supposed to be above all government branches, were included into the Cabinet. A new presidential cabinet was formed shortly after, but this new cabinet did not follow the 1945 Constitution either, as the office of prime minister still existed, along with deputy prime ministers. On 5 July 1959, President Sukarno issued a decree abrogating the 1950 Constitution and returning to the 1945 Constitution. Over the following nine years there were seven cabinets with between 18 and 25 members. Article 83 of the Provisional Constitution of 1950 stated that ministers had full responsibility for government policy. With the return to the unitary state of Indonesia in August 1950, the parliamentary cabinet system remained due to an agreement between the governments of the RIS and the Republic of Indonesia (a constituent of the RIS).
Under the Federal Constitution of 1949, the RIS had a parliamentary cabinet as ministers were responsible for government policy. On 27 December 1949, the Netherlands recognised the sovereignty of the United States of Indonesia (RIS). During this period, the cabinet had between 16 and 37 ministers with 12-15 ministries. ĭuring the War of Independence from 1945 to 1949, the cabinet changed from a presidential to a parliamentary system, despite this not being the system intended by those who drew up the Constitution however, at several critical periods, it reverted to a presidential system. In presidential cabinets, the president is responsible for government policy as head of state and government, while in parliamentary cabinets, the cabinet carries out government policy, and is responsible to the legislature. There have been two types of cabinet in Indonesian history presidential and parliamentary. The concept of a cabinet is not mentioned explicitly in the 1945 Constitution, so Indonesia's cabinets since 14 November 1945 are the result of administrative convention.
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